Means for preliminarily heating internal-combustion engines.



A. A. LOW 65 H. HEBTZBERG. MEANS FOR PRELIMINARILY HEATING INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 8, 1907.

1,029,380, Patented June 11, 1912.

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ABBOT EOW, 0F

HORSESHOE, arm HARIaYHEBT-ZBERG, OF NEW YORK. IN. Y.;

SAID nnnrrsnus- ASSIGNOR tro SAID-LGW.

MEANS FOR PBELIMINARILY HEATINLi INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES. V

Specification of Letters Intent.

racemes June ii, isle.

Application filed fiovember 8, 1997. serial No. 401,239.

York, borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York,respectively, have, invented certain new and usefullvleaus forPreliniinarily Heating Internal-(Qpmhustion Engines, of which thefollowing is a specification,

'- The present invention consists of means for heating the cylinders, orother parts, of internalcombustion engines preliminary to theoperationof starting the same, or at the time of starting said engines;and it pertains more particularly to engines. of that'class which areadapted to be driven by kerosene as the fuel.

The value'of kerosene as a fuel for the operation of explosive enginesis well lcnown, but great dilficulty has been experienced in startingengines with a fuel of this nature. The 'difiiculty is due, in somerespects, to the fact that a vapor, charged \VithlIQIOSGDQ, whenadmitted to the cylinder, condenses upon contact with the cold walls ofsaid cylinder. The difliculty is more apparent in cold Weather, at whichtime the cylinders l are in such a cold condition that it is necessaryto heat the same by some nieansprior to starting the engine.Furthermore, when the engine is employed in a position exposed to thecold, the Water or other cooling" medium adapted to circulate in thejacket surrounding the cylinder is liable to he frozen. The presentinvention is designed,

primarily, to remedy these objections, and to afford means by which'thecylinder may he heatedquickly and economically prior to, 01' at the timeof, starting the engine.

Broadly stated, the invention comprises an electrically operated heatingdevice associated with a circulating conduit or pipe adapted to supplyacooling medium, usually water, to the jacket of the engine cylinder,whereby the cooling medium (water) in said jacket may be'brought to sucha operated heating units applied temperature as to heat that walls ofthe cyl-- inder, or other perfect the engine In one practical embodimentof the invention, it embraces a. plurality of electrically externallytoe water circulating pipe, said units being connected in series .or inmultiple in an electric circuit,-whereby the heat developed in saidunits is adapted to be communicated to the circulating pipe and thenceto the water adapted to be contained therein.

in our heating system provision is made,

also, for the circulation of cold water through the cylinder jacketafter the en glue is started, whereby water is caused to 'absorb theheatand lreep the engine at a proper working temperature.

in the accompanying drawings, we have illustrated one practicalembodiment of the invention, but the construction shown there in is tohe understood as illustrative, only, and not as defining the limits ofthe inven tion.

Figure 1 is an elevation representing an ordinary nternal. combustionengine equipped with our improvements. Fig. 2 is o longitudinalsectionthrough a portion oi 75 a water circulatingpipe having our electricallwoperated heater applied *thereto. Fig. 3 is a plan view of said heaterapplied to the pipe, the latter being shown in cross section, Fig. 4 isa diagrammatic view of theelectrical heater showing the insul'ationsemployed in connection therewith.

A designates an internal combustion eu- 'ginemt any approved type, butas hereinbe;

fore'indicated, it is preferred to use the invention in conjunction withan engine which is supplied with kerosene. the latter being mixed withair, said mixture of air and keroscne producing combustible vapor whichis supplied at the proper intervals to the engine. As is usual in theart, theengine cylinder is providedwith a jacket adapted "to provide 'acirculating chamber, a, for the "cooling 'mcdiunn To said jacket thereis coupled an inlet: pipe, 1%,. adapted to supply water to the chamber,a. Another pipe, C,

is coupled to the jacket on the opposite side thereof from the P1138 B,thus making provision for the circulation of water from one pipe, B,through the chamber, a, and-out i through the pipe, C. The water may besupplicd many way to the circulating chain-I her, (1, but-in Fig. 1 wehave shown a commen f011'11,t t circulating pump, D, the; latter beingin communication with the pipe.

B, Water is supplied tq the pump from a the chamber, a, and the pipes,B, (l, or

around the by-pass, E, and through the chamber, a. It will be understoodthat when the engine is in operation and it is desired to circulatewater around the cylinders for the purpose of absorbing some of the heatfrom said cylinders, the cocks, f), c, are adjhsted to prevent-the waterfrom circulating through the by-pass, E, whereby the water may be drawnby the pump, 1), through the pipe, cl and forced through t-he'pipc, B,the chamber, a, and the pipe, C. Preliminary to starting the engine,however, the valves, 1), 0, may be adjustedto'cut oil the circulation ofwater from the pump, 1), into the pipe, B, and. out through the pipe,(I, said ves brin in the bvass E into the b a P 7 7 liquid circuitcomposing a part of the pipe.

'liquidcontained in said pipe.

1%, the chamber, a, a part of the pipe, 0, and the by-pass, E, wherebythe liquid adaptedto circulate through the by-pass ll, and the. chambera.

In conjunction with one of the pipes. preferably the inc, B, we employan electrically-operated heater adapted to heat. the

The electrically-operated heater is shown more clearly in Figs. 3 and tof the drawings, by refercncc to which it will be seen that said heatercomprises a plurality of heating units applied externally to a part. ofsaid pipe. such as I). said treating units being connected in anydesired way in an'clectric circuit, J, the latter being energized fromany appropriate source or power, such as-the battery, K. Each unit ofthe electric heater consists of a resistance coil, G, the same beingrepresented as a metallic wire or ribbon which is wound on a layer orcore, 17, of insulating material, such as mica. A number-jot theseheating units are laid, bent or otherwise applied externally to themetallic circuhzing pipe, B, said units being shown in Fi s. 3 and t asarranged edge to edge around the pipe, each unit extending a suitabledistance lengthwise of the pipe. The resistance coils of thc'nnits arerepresented in Fig. 4 as being connected in series. but the particularmethod of connecting said coils is not material, for the reason thatsaid coils may be connected in multiple in the electric circuit. JQ. Themetallic resistance coils are insulated electrically from metalliccontact with the pipe, B, by one or more layers, f,

composed of electrical insulating material,

The heating units and the insulating means therefor are confined inposition and protected by an external packetor casing.

b'aid casing is shown in Figs. 2 and 3 as consisting of a cord or strandof heat insulating materiah'such as asbestos. the same being wound inone. two or more layers cX-' ternally of the insulating material, la,after which a winding" of sheet asbestos. '1', is applied to the cord orstrand winding, T, the wl'iolc bcing suitably bound or held mechanicallyin place.

During the operation of assembling the several heating units orresistance coils, the

proper electrical connections between said coils are made, and a t'tcrthe heat insulating layer or layers, 1. 1'. are applied, the endresistance coils are properly connected with the-binding posts, 7',. towhich are connected the conductors of the electric circuit. J.

When it is desired to start the engine, the

valves 1), a re closed, and a current of elec- 1 tric cncrgy is switchedinto the units or resistance coils of the electric heater, whereby thecoils, G, are heated on the passage of the current thcrethrough. Theheat developed in said coils-is communicated alinost directly to thepipe, l3, and the water in said pipe is thus raised in temperature. The7 hot water rises through the chamber, (1., and

'thcrcbv establishes a circulation of water in said chamber and theby-pass, and this circulation ,ol heated water heats the walls oi thecylinder to a proper temperature.

It desired, however, the valves, 5, 0, may be adjusted to confine theheated water in the chamber, (a, and around the cylinder, 01'

said valves may be turned to certain positions which permit the heatedwater tocir- 'culate through the chamber, a, and the bypass. After thecylinders shall have been heated to the desired temperature. the engineis started by admitting the charges of combustible vapor thereto, and atthis time the electric current is switched off so as to throw theelectric heater out of service. The explosions in the engine cylinderheat up the latter so that it becomes necessary to partially cool saidcylinder, and at. this time the valves. 6. 1:, may be again adjusted topermit the pump, D, t,o force cold water tl'ir'ough the pipes. B. andthe chamber, 11,.

what we claim as new,"and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. The combination of an internal combustionengine, the cylinder ofwhich is jacketed to provide a chamber for the circulation of a coolingmedium in contact with the walls of the engine cylinder, circulatingpipes connected to said circulating chamber, a bypass connected to thecirculating pipes at the respective sides of said chamber of the enginecylinder, valves for controlling the flow of water through thecirculating pipes and the chamber to the exclusion of the by-pass, saidvalves being operable to direct the flow of water through the by-passand the chamber to the exclusion of the circulating pipes, and an externally positioned heater cooperating with one of said pipes for heatingthewater when it is directed to circulate through the bypass and thechamber of said cylinderjacket.

2. The combination of the cylinder of an internal combustion enginehaving a chamhered jacket, circulating pipes for establishing thecirculation of a liquid in contact with the walls of said enginecylinder, a bypass connected. with said circulating pipes at the,respective sidesof said chambered jacket. three Way valves positionedto direct the circulation of Water through said pipes and the chamberedjacket to the exclusion of the by-pass, said valves being operable tocontrol the flow of water through the bypass and the chambered jacket tothe 'eXclu} sion of the rest of the circulating pipes, and

an external electric heater cooperating di rectly with said circulatingpipes for heat-- ing the water when it is directed by said valves tocirculate through the by-pass and into contact with the walls of theengine cyl indcr for heating the latter prior to start-- ing the engine.

,3. The combination of the cyllnder of an internal combustion enginehaving a ackcted chamber. circulating pipes for establishing thecirculation of a liquid in contact with the-walls of said enginecylinder,

:1 by-pass pipe connected wit-h said cirvulating pipes. at therespective sides of the jacketed chamber. valves positioned .to conlrolthe flow of liquid through the circulating means and the jacketed,chamber to the exclusion of the lay-pass, said valves being operable todirect the flow of liquid: through the lay-pass and the jacketed chamherto the exclusion of said'circulating pipes, and an electrically-operatedhcaterj comprising a plurality'iof resistance coils included in anelectric circuit, said heater enveloping one of said circulating pipesfor heating the water when it is directed to flow through the by-p ass.to theexciusion of the circulating pipes whereby the Walls of. theengine cylinder maybe heated preliminary to starting the engine.

4. The combination of an internal bombustion engine, the cylinder ofwhich is pro-' vided with a water jacket, a system of pip; ing forestablishing the circulation of a liq/Q through the bypass, and anelectrically-- operated heater comprising a group of resistance coilsapplied externally to said system of piping, said heater operating toheat the water whenit is directed to circ late through the by-pass tothe exclusion ot the system of piping.

,The combination of an internal com- ,bustion engine, the cylinder ofwhich is provided with a- Water acket, a cooling system for said enginecylinder, a bypass pipe connected with said cooling system at therespective sides of said water jacket, valves positioned and operatingto direct the tlo'w' of liquid through the cooling system to theexclusion of the by-pass, said valves being operable to direct the flowof liquid through the by-pass to the exclusion of the cooling system,and an clectrically-operated heater engaging with a part of the coolingsyslenr'e'xternally thereof, said heater comprising a group ofresistance coils each wound on a core of insulating material,whereby theheater is adapted to heat the water when it is directed to circulatethrough the in -pass to the exclusion of the cooling systenn. Intestimony "whereof we have signed our names to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

ABBOT A. LOW. HARRY HERTZBERCL Witnesses M. A. "VARREN, lro. VELLINGGiooiivcs.

